Mxpx Essays - Punk Rock Genres, MxPx, Christian Punk, Pop Punk

Mxpx A story about seeing MxPx On November 13th I went to Tramps in New York to see one of my favorite bands, MxPx. MxPx is a Christian pop-punk band. Pop punk basically means happy punk. The band members, are Mike Herrera who plays bass and sings, Tom Wisniewski who plays guitar and Yuri Ruley plays drums. They played about 10 songs, all of which I knew. Some of their songs have to do with society problems through the eyes of a teenager. At the show, the first song they played was one of my favorite's, Teenage Politics. Some of the lyrics to this song are, No I'm not mad but I think they forget what it's like and how hard it is to be a teenager. This is a new day and age, we read a different book where Elvis ain't the rage and polyester ain't the look. ...Is it time again to disagree about anything, everything and what's on TV it's a vicious circle, never ending a linear equation worldly extending. No, I'll never be like you; I'll never be like you. Oh no! I'm just like you! The second song they played was I'm the Bad Guy. The first couple lines of state, Legalistic people suck. Legalism makes me sick. Even though they openly bust on legalism, they also know the world has nothing to offer them but hurt and pain, while God is the only answer. Since they are a Christian punk band, of course they have to play religious songs. One really good song that they played there was False Fiction. This song basically means that the world is going through such turmoil because we don't have Christ in our lives. They guarantee our freedom but freedom isn't real unless you know Christ you wont know how I feel. Inflections of the way things were supposed to be the mental disorder of our society...maybe this world had stopped thinking maybe all their minds are shrinking you failed system is including chaos, it's chaos, it's your loss. In Like sand through the hourglass...so are the days of our lives, they say, My world is breaking down around me. I see my destroyed world in front of me. Any and everything I trusted, I weep for my world disgusted. Will I look to you? Jesus, yes I do! Not only did they play songs about Christ and society, they also played songs about love. The fifth song they sang was Do you feet hurt. This song is about love and reading poems to his girlfriend through her window. A few of the lyrics are, Can I see you after you get out of school? I won't even mind it, if you treat me cruel. Take a ride on my Vespa, I'll take you home. I'll climb up to your window and read you a poem. Finally, the sixth song they played was Andrea. I really can't say much about this song. It's just a fast paced love song. My favorite lyrics of the song are Andrea, I say your name and all that I can do is think about the way you smiled and kinda sorta held my hand. Went out for coffee in what must have been the smallest town in Kentucky. Andrea, we walked together down dirt road by the bridge then we sat by each other and talked about a few things. You looked at me I looked at you before you know it's time to go. All of their songs are very fast paced. They all have heavy drumbeats. In fact, all punk bands have this certain kind of quick and repeated drumbeat. That's how you can tell if they are punk or not. MxPx also has a very distinct bass line. In the song Andrea besides the lyrics their bass line is remarkable. There is a heaping helping of songs about everyday young male concerns. Such as, unrequited love, quitting jobs, giving girls rides home on your vespa. Yet they still have mature lyrics dealing with issues like leading a moral life in an increasingly disillusioning world, defending your personal integrity or railing against the unfeeling capitalist motives of people trying to manipulate you. Music Essays

Creating Predictable Growth With Kieran Flanagan From HubSpot

Creating Predictable Growth With Kieran Flanagan From HubSpot Do you suffer from shiny object syndrome? It’s difficult to not become enamored with the latest marketing tactics, trends, and technologies. We are distracted by them because they may offer hope or promise 10X-ing marketing results. Instead, stay focused on helping your business grow to generate revenue! Today, my guest is Kieran Flanagan, vice president of marketing and growth at HubSpot. Kieran uses traditional marketing methods to help HubSpot and other brands generate additional traffic and revenue. We discuss how to create predictable and product-driven growth. Challenge to sustain growth is more difficult as a business gets bigger Find new ways from existing channels or brand new channels to grow from People, products, and businesses change; adapt marketing sales plans Strategic Growth: Think logically about how to grow into being a big company by providing good products and customer experience Develop scalable distribution plan and use search engines to find right product fit 3 Stages of Fit: Product market, product channel, and ROI Growth Power Law: 60-70% of growth comes from one or two channels Build out next 12 months of growth, and predict where it’ll come from Keyword Search: What product does and solves How to choose best acquisition channel and strategy for scalability Establish and measure goals and expectations for different channels Develop work culture that embraces failure; experiment by taking small risks Keep remote team engaged, focused, and motivated by being clear on goals and proactive with communication Links: Kieran Flanagan HubSpot Brian Balfour Loom Wistias Soapbox Write a review on iTunes and send a screenshot of it to receive a cool swag bag! If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Kieran Flanagan: â€Å"You always have to grow each and every year, regardless of how well you’re doing.† â€Å"Think logically about how you are going to grow into being a big company.† â€Å"Build out the next 12 months of your growth, and predict where that growth is actually going to come from.† People would want good clarity around the goals and the most important goals over the course of what we try to do in a quarter.

Analysis of the Public Policy Process of the United States Governance Essay

Analysis of the Public Policy Process of the United States Governance System - Essay Example lex for countries to make and implement foreign policy since increased globalisation has made the distinction between domestic and foreign policy rather blurred (Russell, 2000). What is more, in current times, even domestic decisions by cross-border and global effects. A good illustration of this assertion is the 2008 global financial crisis in which local decisions by states affected the wider globe. Nonetheless, it is still of great importance to learn and understand how each country makes its foreign policy and to appreciate how democratic these processes are. In the United States, the Constitution is the foundation of the foreign policy, especially, the making and the implementation of these policies. However, since historical times, foreign policy and constitutional experts have felt that the constitution has been a source of intrigues and struggles between the executive and the Congress with regards to the making of foreign policy in the U.S. Comparatively, the US has been found to apply a rather cumbersome process in making its foreign policy compared to those of other democracies such as Europe states. Although the provisions and safeguards entrenched in the US Constitutions are well intentioned and offer checks to tyrannical tendencies, they have often been the causes of struggles and tension between the executive and the legislature (Russell, 2000). Thus, these safeguards have made it rather difficult to formulate and implement foreign policy besides creating uncertainty on what the policies actually are. Consequent to this lack of clarity, foreign governments and interest groups have exploitatively pressured the US’s foreign policy for own benefits. Due to the roles of the executive and the legislature in foreign policy formulation and implementation, it becomes rather difficult to recognise and discern the main actors of foreign policy in the U.S (Russell, 2000). In the US, just like in most other countries, the three arms of the government; the

Brand makrketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Brand makrketing - Essay Example The primary goal of brand positioning is to build a strong and longer-lasting relationship between the brand and buyer. With so many brands out there competing for consumer's attention, this takes some doing indeed. This makes brand positioning an unenviable exercise of communicating in an "over-communicated" society, whose objective is to let your stand out in the din of marketing activities. You may have an excellent product in your hands, manufactured in the most innovative process, but this does not guarantee success in the present-day market where image and symbols are more important than process, product quality or need. The symbolic meanings of brand include prestige, status and personality. For a company to develop its brand positioning effectively, it must project an image that has these symbolic meanings of brand. A brand is made up of the name, logo and other visual elements like images, fonts, color schemes, and symbols. All these are part of brand image, a symbolic construct created within the minds of people, which consists of all the information and expectations associated with a product or service. In developing a brand positioning strategy, the logical first step is visibility. The organization needs to give its brand maximum visibility and this entails a lot of expense and effort, such that brand positioning is not for top management and CEOs who are overly concerned with costs. While making the brand visible, there are 6 suggested strategies of brand positioning that the company can take up: 1. Link the brand to a particular need. The brand should be presented as an answer to a consumer need that has not been adequately served by existing brands. 2. Associate the brand with a pleasant mood. People want escape from the stresses of modern living, so any brand that evokes ugly and unpleasant moods is likely to rate low in consumer preferences. 3. Make the brand appeal to subconscious motives. Marketing techniques that are indirect and subtle make people think, contrary to those that are too simple and direct. 4. Condition the consumers' mind to prefer the brand through a reward system. A reward system may come in the form of giveaways, taste tests and similar promotional activities. 5. Provide attractive models for consumers to emulate. The company may sign up movie stars and beauty queens as its brand icons for such brands as personal care products, who will endorse the brand in all its ads. For consumer brands targeting men, high-profile athletes are appropriate as brand icons. 6. Break through the known perceptual and cognitive barriers to consumer preference. These barriers may have something to do with culture, such that a product designed for Western consumers will have little appeal to Asians. 2. Brand Personality Question: How can a cereal manufacturer use the brand personalitytheories to solve a problem regarding a new brand of breakfast cerealit has developed that it wants to give a brand personality distinct from its other cereal products The

Four Geographic Traditions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Four Geographic Traditions - Research Paper Example As such, the core definitions of each of these traditions will be discussed as well as a level of analysis performed on which tradition speaks best to which particular aspect of geographical analysis. What is noteworthy before delving into a firm and functional definition of each of these four traditions is to understand that the subject of geography has always, since its inception, been focused on the art and science of definition. Without definition, geography would have but a few actionable uses. In this way, it is important for the reader to understand that each of the following four approaches that will be discussed should be viewed within just such a prism. Although one is not superior to all of the others at all time, each in their own way can provide a useful tool of analysis which can help the reader/researcher to draw a level of inference on specific research questions and can help to shine a valuable level of insight into key determinants that would otherwise not be able t o be fully answered with the application and/or use of another of the traditions. Similarly, although each of the four following traditions are still in use within the community of geographic research and scientific studies, some are used to a greater and more affective use than others. Additionally, as the field grows, evolves, and advances, some of the four will no doubt decrease in overall performance; however, this unavoidable decrease of some of these traditions is no reason not to consider the fundamental determinants that have sought to define the way in which the field has progressed and continues to define itself up until the current juncture in time. Naturally, from the aforementioned list, the first of these traditions that will be discussed and analyzed is that of the spatial tradition. The spatial tradition is perhaps the best known and the most common of historical geographic traditions in that it seeks to define a given region based solely upon a firm differentiation of what is â€Å"other† and what is not. Although this tradition is perhaps the oldest in historical terms of implementation and usage, the fact of the matter is that is has continued to grow and develop throughout history (Pattison 3). As a function of this, the tradition has grown to incorporate computerized mapping (i.e. GIS and the like), quantitative techniques and tools for the representation of otherwise abstract geographic terms, aerial photography, and a litany of other spatial analysis tools that have helped to define, group, and differentiate otherwise indistinguishable determinants from one another within the realm of geography and geographic research and interpretation. This â€Å"oldest† of traditions continues to evolve and incorporate the different aspects of technological advancement that have manifested themselves throughout society and the sciences. As a function of this growth, the spatial tradi

The History of Electromagnetic Suspension System

The History of Electromagnetic Suspension System As the knees are the important part of the human body because of which he can walk, run, sit and jump properly, the suspension system is a knee of a vehicle, with which the vehicle can give us a comfortable ride. The automobile frame and body are mounted on the front and rear axle not directly but through some form of springs and shock absorbers. This is done to damp to road shocks transmitted to the frame by the wheels as they roll over the road. All these parts which perform this function are together called as a suspension system. Thus the suspension system includes springs, shock absorber and there mountings. The suspension system of a motor vehicle divided into the rear end suspension front end suspension. 1.1 Need of suspension system: To avoid the road shocks which are pass on to the vehicle frame. To preserve the steadiness of a car in pitching or rolling, when in motion. To safeguard the occupant from road shocks. To provide good road holding while driving, cornering and braking. To maintain proper steering geometry. 1.2 Types of suspension systems: The following are the suspension systems which rare used in the modern vehicles, Dry friction or Leaf spring Coil spring Air bag Rubber spring Electromagnetic suspension system 1.3 History of suspension system: Rolls Royce (1913) illustrates that how the different situations was in the early years where rear dampers stopped to use. Dry snubbers were used in between 1910-1925. However, the period 1925-1980 was very extensive by simple hydraulics, primarily simply constant force blow off, then proportional characteristics, then adjustable, leading to mature product. In the period of 1980 to 1985, there was an enthusiasm about the possibilities for the different types of active suspension, and they had the ability to get rid of the ordinary dampers. Then after some period in 1985, the fast auto-adjusting dampers, turn out to be more and more obvious, because they found a good deal profit of active suspension much more cheaply, and from that period the damper unexpectedly became an interesting, developing component again (Dixon John, 2010). In 1966 for high-speed transportation Danby and Powell introduced an EDS system using super conducting magnets with a null flux suspension. After some period some more designs proposed using continues sheet guide ways. Then some from U.S., Japan, Germany, UK and Canada have developed further innovations (such as ladder type guide way for increased lift efficiency), but there are still a number of technical problems that needed resolution. (T. Thompson, Richard D. Thornton and Anthony Kondoleon, 2010) 1.4 Current Details Of Electromagnetic Suspension (Maglev): There are three primary types of Maglev technologies: superconducting magnets ( electrodynamic suspension) feedback controlled electromagnets ( electromagnetic suspension) A new but very cheaper permanent magnet system Inductrack. The several approaches and designs have been produced by Japan and Germany. These two countries are very active in maglev research. The design used for trains in which the train levitate by the repulsive force of the same poles of the magnets. A linear motor is used to propel the train or on the locomotive or both. In this system massive electrical induction coils produce the magnetic field and the need of this magnetic field which is placed along the track is to propel the train, leading some to speculate that the cost of constructing such tracks would be enormous. ( Heller Arnie 2010). Earnshaws theorem states that a collection of point charges cannot be maintained in a stable stationary equilibrium configuration solely by the electrostatic interaction of the charges. As Earnshaws theorem says Magnetic bearings are unstable; the conventional maglev systems stabilized with the help of the electromagnets which have electronic stabilization. In actual to levitate the train that is to keep the train up in the air with the help of an magnetic field it needs very strong magnetic field which only can generate by a large electromagnet but large electromagnet is also a big issue for the design, so instead of using the large magnets, superconductor for an capable electromagnet. Inductrack is a cheap in cost compare to other systems. The system relies on the current induced in the passive electromagnetic array generated by permanent magnets, so that it provides the better load carrying capacity related to the speed. In the model, the permanent magnets are placed on both sides of the model; the function of these magnets is to provide horizontal lift and vertical stability. There is collection of wire loops in the track which is also called as array. There is no power supply in magnets and the model, apart from the speed of the model. The basic concept behind this system is to store the power by developing the inductrack as a motor and flywheel bearing. With only slight design changes, the bearings were unrolled into a linear track. William Post is the father of such a great innovation like inductrack. He had done this experiment at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. (Heller Arnie 2010). Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Principle of Suspension System: The suspension system of an automobile has input force and output as shown in above fig. Fig: 2.1 (Dr. Erping Zhou, 2010) where, M1 is the body mass of the vehicle M2 is the mass of the suspension system K1 is the spring constant for suspension system K is the constant for the tyre (spring). C is the damper constant Y is the input force form the road to the suspension system. Y1 is the input force from suspension system to the body of vehicle. X is the output displacement. So the mathematical diagram of the vehicle is given as: M2 K1(Y1- X)+ C. d(Y1- X)/ dt K2(Y-Y1) Therefore now we can have, K1(Y1- X)+ C. d(Y1- X)/ dt = M1 d2x/dt2(1) And K1(Y1- X)+ C. d(Y1- X)/ dt K2(Y-Y1) = M2 d2Y1/dt2(2) By lapalce theorem, consider d/ dt = S K1(Y1- X)+ C. S(Y1- X) = M1 S2X..(3) K1(Y1- X)+ C. S(Y1- X) K2(Y-Y1) = M2 S2Y1(4) So by solving equation (3) we get the input, K1Y1 K1X + CSY1 CSX = M1S2X X/Y1 = K1 + CS/ (M1S2 + CS + K1) Y1 (INPUT) = X (M1S2 + CS + K1) / K1 + CS (Dr. Erping Zhou, 2010) 2.2 Basic Concept: Take a cylindrical hollow shock absorber frame placing two magnets inside it. In this cylinder the arrangement of the magnets is in such a way, place one magnet at the top of the cylinder with any polarity let us consider south polarity on down side. Then place another magnet at the bottom of the cylinder having south polarity upside so that they can be parallel each other. Then due to the same polarity of both the magnets the repulsive force generates which gives the movement to the shaft to avoid any unwanted shocks and the fixed hydraulic damper absorbs the vibrations and instability. 2.3 Theory of Vibration: Any motion that repeats itself after an interval of time is called vibration or oscillation. The best examples for vibration are pendulum and a plucked string. The theory of vibration explains the study of oscillatory motions. Free vibration without damping To begin with the study of the mass-spring-damper, lets consider the damping is insignificant and the mass is free from any type of force that is called free vibration. Where, k is the constant of stiffness x is the length of stretched spring m is the mass of body So the force is given by, Fs = kx By Newtons second law of motion the generated force is proportional to the acceleration of the mass E F = ma = m.d2x / dt2 Then the sum of the forces on the mass is equals to zero: ma + kx = 0 If the system starts to vibrate by stretching the spring by the distance of A, we get the following equation. x(t) = A cos(2à Ã¢â€š ¬ fnt) The above explanation state that the system oscillates with the simple harmonic motion with an amplitude A , frequency fn. The number fn is called as the undamped frequency which is defined as: fn = To simplify the equation the angular frequency à Ã¢â‚¬ ° (à Ã¢â‚¬ ° = 2à Ã¢â€š ¬f) which has a unit radians per second. If the mass is heavy and inflexibility of the system is known, then the frequency concludes when the force is applied to the system, it will vibrate. When the system once disturbed it vibrates because it has one or more frequencies. The above formula shows the complexity in the real complex designs. (Tustin Wayne 2010) The causes of vibration in the system (conservation of energy) Conservation of energy explains the vibrational motion. In the above example the value of the spring is x and therefore it has stored some potential energy (kx2). Once the spring became free it tries to gain its original shape which has minimum potential energy and in the process accelerates the mass. As the spring reached at its original state that is in unstreched position all the potential energy then converted in to the kinetic energy (mv2). The system then starts to deaccelerate because of the compression of the spring and in this process it transfers kinetic energy into original potential energy. Thus oscillation of the spring transfers the kinetic energy into potential energy. In the above given simple system the mass remains oscillate at the same magnitude, but this doesnt happened in the real system because of the damper which disperse the energy and therefore the system finally bringing it to rest. (Tustin Wayne 2010) Free vibration with damping Now in this system a viscous damper is added to the system which generates an opposive force against the motion of the body which is relative to the velocity of the mass. Where c is the proportionality constant and has units of Force over velocity (N s/m). x m k c Fig: 2.3 (Tustin Wayne 2010) Fd = cv = -c. dx/dt By summing the forces on the mass we get the following ordinary differential equation: ma + cv + kx = 0 The result of the above equation relies on the amount of damping. For the small damping effect the system vibrates but after some time it slows down and finally stops vibrating. This case is called underdamping this case is of most interest in vibration analysis. If the damping effect increases until the last point of the oscillation of the system, the system then goes in to the critical damping. Cc = 2 Is the final critical damping point calue for the mass spring damper model. A damping ration is used to differentiate the amount of damping in a system. The differentiation of the damping is defined as to get a critical point the actual damping divided by the amount of damping. The damping ratio (ÃŽÂ ¶) given as: ÃŽÂ ¶ = c / The values of damping factors for airplane fuselage, engine crankshaft are less than 0.05 and for an automotive suspensions the range of 0.2-0.3. The key for the underdamped system for the mass spring damper model is : x(t) = Xe-ÃŽÂ ¶Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬ °t cos ( à Ã¢â‚¬ ° = 2à Ã¢â€š ¬f The value of X, the initial magnitude, and à Ã¢â‚¬  , the phase shift, are determined by the amount the spring is stretched. (Tustin Wayne 2010) Analyzation of Damped and undamped natural frequencies The exponential term and the cosine function are the two main points which are noted from the solution. The meaning of exponential term is how quickly the system damps down. The damping effect is low when the damping ration is more. The cosine function explains the oscillations in the system, but the frequency of the oscillations is different from the undamped case. For this case the frequency is called damped natural frequency, fd, and there is a relation between the damped frequency and undamped frequency as follows: Fd = fn Generally, the undamped natural frequency is more than the damped natural frequency, but in realistic the difference between the damped and undamped frequencies is irrelevant because of the damping ratio which is moderately small. Therefore at the starting phase of natural frequency the damped and undamped description are frequently dropped.for example- when the damping ratio is 0.1, the damped natural frequency is only 1% less than the undamped. The two damping ratios 0.1 and 0.3 for the design of side shows how they affect the system and also they show how the system takes time to be stable. Also they show, most frequently what happened practically, is to calculate the free vibrations by doing some experiments after an impact on the system and then the system oscillates so by measuring the rate of oscillations conclude the natural frequency of the system as well as the ratio of damping with the help of rate of decay. Natural frequency and the damping ratio are the important factors in free vibrations but to understand and differentiate the behaviour of the system in different vibrations generated by force is also important. (Tustin Wayne 2010) 2.4 Principle of EMSS: The basic principle is to build up a contact less spring; the electromagnetic actuators can absorb the instability. The basics in electromagnetic suspension are the opposite polarity of the magnets facing each other absorbs all the bumps. The major difficulty is making the magnets physically powerful when running off a cars electrical system. 2.5 Halbach Arrays: Halbach cylinders are well-suited to magnetic levitation of gyroscope, motor and generator spindles. In these cylinders only permanent magnets and unpowered conductors are used to provide levitation. Rotational motion provides the energy of suspension entirely, efficiency is good, and there is no need of extremely low temperature suspension magnets or electronics. But there is a limit for the linear speed at the bearing race which must be above a meter per second to levitate. The inductrack maglev train system uses this principle as well, which avoids the problems inherent in actively supported systems. Halbach Cylinder: K = 1 K = 2 K = 3 K = 4A magnetized cylinder which is made up of a ferromagnetic material producing a magnetic field restricted completely inside the cylinder and doesnt produce any fields outside is called Halbach Cylinder. The Halbach Cylinders can also generate the magnetic field completely outside of the cylinder and then again it doesnt produce any fields inside the cylinder. Some magnetization distributions are shown below: Fig: 2.4 magnetization distributions( K. Halbach, J.C. Mallinson, Raich, H., Blà ¼mler 2010) The direction of magnetization within the ferromagnetic material is given by M = Mr { sin (kà Ã¢â‚¬ ¢)à °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬   cos (kà Ã¢â‚¬ ¢) à Ã¢â‚¬ ¢} Where, Mr is the magnetic remanance (T/m). +k is an internal magnetic field and -k is an external magnetic field. Preferably, the structures of these types of cylinders would be formed by an unlimited length cylinder of magnetic material which has the direction of magnetization constantly changing. These types of ideal designed cylinder produce the magnetic flux which is perfectly uniform and entirely confined to the bore of the cylinder. But in real case the infinite length of the cylinders cannot be used and in practice the limited length of the cylinders creates end effects which show the non-uniformities in the field within the bore. The complexity of developed a cylinder with a constantly changing magnetization also frequently directs to the design being broken into sections. ( K. Halbach, J.C. Mallinson, Raich, H., Blà ¼mler 2010) 2.6 Magnetic Material: Magnets have the basic property of attraction towards, or repulsion by other materials. A material with high permeability attracted strongly towards a magnet. There are two main examples of materials with very high permeability those are Iron and steel which powerfully attracted to magnets. Liquefied O2 is in fact slightly repelled by magnetic fields because it has very low permeability. People, gases and the vacuum of outer space has quantifiable permeability. The SI unit of magnetic field strength is the tesla, SI unit of total magnetic flux is the Weber. 1 Weber = 1 tesla following through 1 square meter, and is a very large amount of magnetic flux. Neodymium magnet: A neodymium magnet or NIB magnet which is also called as a rare earth magnet which is a good strength of attraction and repulsion, made of a combination of neodymium, iron and boron -Nd2Fe14B. Neodymium magnet on a bracket from a hard drive (PengCheng magnets Ltd., 2010) NIB magnets are comparatively very strong to their mass, they are mechanically brittle and the most powerful results to lose their magnetism at temperatures above 176 degrees fahrenheit or 80 degrees Celsius. In some cases they there strength is slightly more than samarium-cobalt like high-temperature grades will operate at up to 200 and even 230  °C. The neodymium magnet industry is constantly working to push the maximum energy product (strength) closer to the theoretical maximum of 64MGOe. A neodymium magnet has a capability to lift 1300 times more than its own mass. The small magnet have some remarkable properties it exhibits magnetic braking when moved near a non-magnetic metal due to induced eddy currents. (http://www.statemaster.com/encyclopedia/Neodymium-magnet, 2010) 2.7 Summery: The system mainly based on the repulsion of the two similar polarities of the two different magnets. The two damped and undamped systems gives the different vibration frequencies. The analyzation shows a major difference between damped and undamped system. The Halbach array stabilize the repulsive effect is to use field that move in space rather than just time. This effect can demonstrate with a rotating conductive disc and a permanent magnet, which will repel each other. A neodymium magnet or NIB is a powerfull magnet made up of a combination of neodymium, iron and boron- Nd2Fe14B is used in EMSS. Chapter 3 MAGLEV DESIGN 3.1 Electromagnetic Suspension System: (Concept) The design of the electromagnetic suspension system can be done with two types: 1) By using a Hydraulic Damper or 2) By using Linear Motor as a Damper. The concept is to design the magnetic suspension system on the front shock absorber of the motor bike to have a better performance with ease of handling and comfort ride. There are two cylinders installed on two separate arms of the front shock absorbing rods. The cylinder contains the pair of the cylindrical magnets having same pole facing each other to create the required repulsive force to have required levitation effect. The two cylindrical magnets having S (South Pole) on the outer surface concentric with the inner circle having N (North Pole) as shown in following figure:- 1) Working for the Hydraulic Damper: The two magnets are in a cylinder on a shaft, as seen in above figure comprise our required magnet for a motor bike front suspension system. In the fig. it shows the magnets are placed such as they are facing each other but with the same polarity, hence they repel each other according to the properties of magnets generate an air gap between them. The repulsive force restores displacement towards each other, and displacement away is restored by gravity. A hydraulic damper is fixed on the top of the cylinder and connected with the upper magnet with a shaft. The set of shocks used with magnets inside them that are used as the fork setup. In this cylinder the arrangement of the magnets is in such a way, place one magnet at the top of the cylinder with any polarity let us consider south polarity on down side. Then place another magnet at the bottom of the cylinder having south polarity upside so that they can be parallel each other. Then due to the same polarity of both the magnets the r epulsive force generates which gives the movement to the shaft to avoid any unwanted shocks and the fixed hydraulic damper absorbs the vibrations and instability. The shaft controlled the radial instability, the repelling force and the gravity force. The spring has a property to contract and extend but it cannot be stable, so the shaft is use to stabilize the spring. If the magnets are placed in two orthogonal axes, they repel each other but not in any one direction, so they are also instable. A thrust bearing can use to avoid the instability in which the magnets can be placed, and even if the instability take place the movable magnet will not fly has the advantage in that if instability does occur, the unstable magnet will not fly unpredictably away from the fixed magnet. The vibrations and the instability will be absorbed by the hydraulic damper. It is stated for completeness that the magnet has two poles North South. They will be attract each other if they are facing each other with different polarity, but they will repel each other if they are facing each other with same polarity.That these forces occur is very well known, but the mechanisms that create these forces are beyond the scope of this document. There are several materials of which permanent magnets may be made. 2) Working of Linear Motor as a Damper: A linear electromagnetic motor works in the straight line instead of work in rotary motion. The movement effect of this motor is very quick. L.E.M. can be used at each wheel in a vehicle which has a conventional shock and spring setup. The L.E.M. can extend as it faces any distraction like pothole and retract as it faces any bump just in milliseconds which is much greater speed than a hydraulic damper. These type of quicker retract and extract movement provides the steering stability by controlling the wheels with respect to the body of the vehicle. The L.E.M. made up of magnets and coils of wires. When current is passed through the coils, the motor retracts and extends so fastly, control unwanted movements. The speed is the major key benefit of the electromagnet. (Bose Elecromagnetic Suspension System, 2010) Fig: 3.2 (Bose Elecromagnetic Suspension System, 2010) The L.E.M. is designed in such a way so that it can give the quick respond to absorb the effects of bumps and pothols and also provides a relaxed ride. Moreover, the motor is designed such as it can supply the maximum power in a small package, which allows it to supply sufficient force to avoid the car from rolling and pitching during bad driving. At the time of acceleration, braking and cornering the L.E.M. neutralize the body motion of a car, which gives the driver a kind of driving idea and passengers comfort ride. For the smooth ride purpose, the wheel dampers are place in each wheel hub to smooth out small road imperfectionst. To generate more power an amplifier is provided which supplies the a great power to the L.E.M.s. The amplifier is a regenerative design that uses the compression force to send power back through the amplifier. (Bose Elecromagnetic Suspension System, 2010) 3.2 Goals of the magnetic design The design of the magnetic spring has the following requirements: 1. Freedom instability by one degree: In freedom instability by on degree generally the stability performance which is forecast by the non linear study is according to the formly build up linearized study. The study of freedom instability by on degree shows the relation between magnitude and velocity. As the velocity increases the magnitude increases which is increased by the stable limit cycle amplitude of vibration. Actuators are essential for stability control of every unbalanced axis. Hence the amount of unstable degrees of freedom needs to reduce. In addition to it for well organized passive vertical load bearing the direction of the unstable direction must be horizontal. 2. Ability to support large loads: Permanent magnets must be maintained on the entire weight of table plus equipment. This weight which is hold up by the electromagnets utilizes considerable amount of power which is unwanted for cost and heat reasons. 3. Effective electromagnet actuator placing: The forces which are applied asymmetrically by the actuators who apply a moment on the levitating table which would be unwanted. For rejecting vertical disturbances the electromagnet actuators must be used for the stabilizing of unstable axis. (S. J. Price and N. R. Valerio) Chapter 4 TECHNOLOGY There are three primary types of MAGLEV Technologies: One that relies on feedback controlled electromagnets (Electromagnetic Suspension or EMS). Ex.: Transrapid The another one relies on the superconducting magnets (Electrodynamic Suspension or EDS) Ex.: JR-Maglev And the last one and newer , potentially more economical system that uses premagnets i.e. Inductrack 4.1 Inductrack: A newer, perhaps less expensive system is called Inductrack. The technique used in inductrack has a load carrying capacity which is related to the speed of the vehicle, because the permanent magnets induce current in the passive electromagnetic array In the model, the permanent magnets are placed on both sides of the model; the function of these magnets is to provide horizontal lift and vertical stability. There is collection of wire loops in the track which is also called as array. There is no power supply in magnets and the model, apart from the speed of the model. The basic concept behind this system is to store the power by developing the inductrack as a motor and flywheel bearing. With only slight design changes, the bearings were unrolled into a linear track. William Post is the father of such a great innovation like inductrack. He had done this experiment at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Inductrack uses Halbach arrays for stabilization. Halbach arrays are the system in which there are some arrangements of permanent magnets which stabilize moving loops of wires without electronic stabilization. Halbach arrays were initially developed for beam guidance of particle accelerators. They also have a magnetic field on the track side only, thus reducing any potential effects on the passengers. 4.2 Lift and Propulsion: In the whole world Japan and Germany are the most active in Maglev research; they have produced several difference approaches and designs. The technique used such as the train can be levitated by the repulsive of like poles or the attractive force of opposite poles of magnets. A linear motor propelled the train which is on the track or on the train, or both. In order togenerate the magnetic field which is necessary to propel the train there are massive electrical induction coils are placed along the track.(C.A. Guderjahn S.L. Wipf,2010) 4.3 Stability: Earnshaws theorem states that a collection of point charges cannot be maintained in a stable stationary equilibrium configuration solely by the electrostatic interaction of the charges. In the system the static magnetic bearing which uses only electromagnets and premagnets are unstable because of Earnshaws theorem; but the diamagnetic and superconducting magnets can support a Maglev steadily. Some conventional Maglev systems the electromagnets having electronic stability are used for stabilization. This works by constantly measuring the bearing distance and adjusting the electromagnets accordingly. 4.4 Magnet Weight The weight of large electromagnet is a major design issue. A very strong magnetic field is required to levitate the massive train, so conventional Maglev research is using superconductor research for an efficient electromagnet. Chapter 5 ANALYSIS 5.1 Dynamics of the magnetic suspension system: The basic principle of a simple electromagnetic suspension system is shown in Fig.1. the current I which is passes through the electromagnet generates the magnetic force Fm which acts opposite to the gravity and cause a steel ball to levitated position. The force relies on the current I, electromagnet properties and the air gap between the steel ball and the electromagnet.The motion of the steel ball in the magnetic field is expressed as G Fm = m d2X / dt2..(1) Where, m = the mass of the suspended steel ball, G = mg, the gravity force, X = the air gap between the steel ball and the electromagnet. The magnetic force Fm is a nonlinear function of the current I and the air gap X. The linearization of the static characteristic near the set point (F0 , X0 ,I0) is given as F = F0 + [I0 (X X0) + ]X0 (I I0).(2) The voltage equation of the electromagnetic coil is expressed as U = RI + L dI / dt.(3) Where, U = the voltage, R = the coil resistance, and L = the inductance. Inductance L=f (X, t) is a function of the air gap, the coil, the core, and the steel ball. The magnetic force which is generated by the electromagnet maintained the steady state air gap between the ball and the electromagnet is manipulated to balance the gravitational force of the ball. The small differences from the operating point are normalized over operating spaces (G, D, Imax , Umax) and they are defined as follows: f = , x= , i = , u = (4) Where, f i= the normalized resultant force, x = the normalized air gap, i = the ormalized current, and u = the normalized voltage. X^ , I^ , and U^ = the steady-state values. Substituting Eq. 4 into Eqs. 1, 2, and 3 the dynamics of the system can be presented as follows: f = -m d2x / dt2 = -m d2x / dt2 = d2x / dt2..(5) f = ]I0 x + ]X0 i , (6) u = i + (7) Let the set gains and time constants be Ke = ]X0 , Km = ]I0 , Te = , Tm = .(8) Therefore Eqs. 5, 6, and 7 can be rewritten as f = T2m d2x / dt2 ..(9) f = Kmx + Kei (10) u = i + Te .. (11) (M. Golob Boris Tovornik, 2010) The block diagram of the linearized model of the electromagnetic suspension system is shown in Fig. 5.2. The linear system described in the block diagram in Fig. 5.2 is unstable and controllable. As per the theory of vibration, there are two types of analysis, 1) The analysis of the Instability and the Vibration without damper and 2) The analysis of the Instability and Vibration with damper. These analyses were made in the electronic lab with help of the METLAB Software. For these two setups the two types of simulations were made in METLAB Software. The data used for the analysis is as follows: Table 3:Nominal System Parameters: Mass of the steel ball (m) 0.147 kg Maximum air gap (D) 0.025 m Number of coils (n) 1200 Coil re

Music by Phillip Evergood :: Essays Papers

Music by Phillip Evergood The Painting Music by Philip Evergood is most definitely one of my all-time favorite paintings. The painting has so many rich colors and lively shapes. It literally makes you feel as though you were sitting either in the same room as the people in the painting or possibly even playing music along with them. I think that what Philip Evergood was trying to accomplish with this painting was a feeling of unity through music and I believe that he did an outstanding job of showing this. He made a great effort to show the diversity in his subjects. He shows old men, young men, black men, white men, old women, young women white women, and black women. He uses his theme of music to show incredible unification. One other thing that I especially liked about the painting was the fact that you could almost feel the type of music being played in this modest room. You actually get a feel for the time period and just by being able to see the detail in the individuals clothing and expressions on there face there is something here that screams jazz. In further research I found that Evergood was indeed a jazz fan and the time period 1933- 1959 does indeed make it a possibility that jazz was the music that these individuals were playing. I especially like how Evergood incorporated so many different instruments in his work. Yet another link to jazz in my opinion. He has an insane amalgamation of horns and brass and drums and violins. He has not only portrayed the diversity of music and people but he has shown the unity in music and I think that this was his main theme and I believe that it could not have been executed more beautifully by any other artist at any other time. From the theme of unity and his ability to express it so well to his actual painting technique I believe that Evergood has accomplished something that so many artists reach for. He has given his painting life. He has shown that there is a direct meaning behind themes in his painting. Themes that are not so much hidden but more or less right in your face, ready to be taken in.

Development of Classical States and Empires

Differences of Africa's civilizations: a. Small regions of Mediterranean culture in N. and S. extremes, large deserts (Sahara, Kalahari), larger regions of savanna grasslands, tropical rain forest in continent's center, highlands + mountains in E. Africa iii. One distinctive environmental feature: bisected by equator = most tropical of the world's three supercontinents a. Persistent warm temp. = rapid decomposition ot vege table matter (humus) = poorer and less fertile soils and less productive agriculture than in more emperate Eurasia + spawned disease-carrying insects/parasites ‘v. Feature: proximity to Eurasia a. Allowed parts of Africa to interact w/Eurasian civilizations b. N.Africa incorporated into Roman Empire, produced wheat/olives w/slave labor, Christianity spread widely famous martyrs c. Saint Augustine: theologian d. Christian faith found more permanent foothold in present-day Ethiopia v. Arabia † another point of contact w/larger world v'. Domesticated camel = nomadic pastoral way of life; later, made trans-Saharan commerce possible (linked W. Africa 0 Med. Civilizations) vii. Over centuries, E. African coast = port of call for Egyptian, Roman, Arab merchants = became integral part of Indian Ocean trading networks viii. External connections + internal development of African societies generated patterns of change during classical era A.Geez: language used @court, in towns, for commerce; written in script derived from S. Arabia c. Measure of ctrl over mostly Agaw-speaking ppl of country thru loose administrative structure – tribute payments d. Romans P Axum † third major empire after own and Persian ‘v. Introduced to Christianity thru connections to Red Sea trade + Roman world (Egypt) v. King Ezana: monarch of fourth century (when Christianity was introduced), adopted Christianity (same time as Constantine in Roman) v'. Mounted campaign of imperial expansion across Red Sea 0 Yemen in S. Arabia vii. Decline: environment al changes (soil exhaustion, erosion, deforestation brought about intensive farming) viii.Rise of Islam 0 altered trade routes, diminished revenue available to Axumite state, emerged Christian church (present-day Ethiopia) ‘x. Meroe + Axum paralleled on smaller scale major features of classical civ. Of Eurasia: long-distance trading connections, urban centers, centralized states, complex societies, monumental architecture, written language, imperial ambitions, direct contact w/Med. civilizations II. Along the Niger River: Cities without States Urbanization in middle stretches of Niger R. in W. Africa Growing #s of ppl from S. Sahara into fertile floodplain of middle Niger in search of access to water w/domesticated cattle, sheep, goats, agricultural skills, ironworking tech.Ppl created distinctive city-based civilization Oenne-Jeno) No imperial system No centralized political structure â€Å"cities w/o citadels† Emerged as clusters of economically specialized settlement s surrounding a larger central town Earliest + most prestigious specialized occupation = iron smithing Roderick McIntosh: archeologist, leading fgure in excavation of Jenne-Jero Villages of otton weavers, potters, leather workers, griots grew around cent. Towns Occupational castes (passed Jobs/skills to children, could only marry within own group) Farmers tilled soil, raised animals, specialization in farming – fishing, rice cultivation Growing network of indigenous W.African commerce Middle Niger flood-plain supported rich agriculture and had clay for pottery, lacked stone, iron, ore, salt, fuel Ghana, Mali, Songhai – W. Africa Ill. South of the Equator: The World of Bantu Africa i. Most significant development involved accelerating movement of Bantu-speaking ppls into enormous subcontinent i'. Bean from homeland region (present-day SE. Nigeria + Cameroons) iii. Bantu expansion – slow movement of peoples brought to Africa south of equator measure of cultural an d linguistic commonality, marking it as a distinct region of the continent A. Cultural Encounters ‘v. Advantages: a. as agriculture generated more productive economy 0 larger #s to live in smaller area b.Farmers brought both parasitic and infectious diseases (to which foraging people had little immunity) c. Iron, tools/weapons v. Kalahari regions of SW. Africa and few places in E. Africa, gathering and hunting urvived (such as San) vi. In rain forest region of Central Africa, foraging Batwa (Pygmy) = â€Å"forest specialists† 0 honey, wild game, elephant products, animal skins, medicinal barks and plants vii. Adopted Bantu languages viii. In drier env

New Deal Flaws essays

New Deal Flaws essays During the 1930s and 1940s the United States went through a lot of problems such as World War II and the Great Depression. During the Great Depression President Roosevelt made up a plan to alleviate the effects of the Depression, but according to Jim Powells FDRs Folly, the New Deal did not fix the unemployment status of so many people, and the TVA which had many negative impacts on the economy, which might have influenced the United States to join the World War II. One major problem that the Unites Sates had during the Great Depression was unemployment, and FDRs Folly explains how the New Deal didnt fix this problem. During the 1930s the unemployment never went under 14 percent, and even in 1941 for the military buildup for World War II, still 9.9 workers were unemployed. The FDR started to build things like schools, railroads, and parks so people could have that job, but all it meant was the more money they spent, the more taxes all the people had to pay off to the government which still left the people in depression. They also spent more money in the states that were better off than the worse states, like they would spend more money in the West instead of the South. So the New Deal did not help the states with a higher percent of Black population, Farmers and such. So the New Deal really didnt help people get jobs, and if it did then it would mean you would have to pay off more taxes in the end of the year. The Tennessee Valley Authority was a program from the New Deal that was supposed to bring electricity to the people with an affordable cheap price. It also encompassed many FDR interests, conservation, utility regulation, regional planning and social economic. Powell explains that it had a negative impact on the economy, because of all the floods it had caused and how much it had cost to build all these dams. This made so many floods that it equaled up to the size of the...

buy custom Assimilation versus Enculturation essay

buy custom Assimilation versus Enculturation essay There were several immigrants who moved to America in the 20th century. After the 1890 depression, the number of immigrants to the US almost doubled. There were immigrants from all over the world with distinct races, ethnicities and national groups; these were Jews, Latin Americans, Europeans, Asians and also African Americans. The immigrants came to America for various reasons including escape from political persecution, religious freedom, and economic reasons, among others. Having come from various parts of the world, the immigrants found a different culture in America, very different from their own. The immigrants were then faced with the hard task of deciding whether to assimilate culturally or to preserve their own cultures. A majority of the immigrants assimilated into the American culture, especially the women who intermarried. Assimilation in this case meant the abandoning of their cultures and adopting a new dominant one. However, some like the Hispanics maintained most of t heir cultural aspects, mainly because of the close proximity to their original homeland. The assimilation brought with it many effects including psychological adjustments. The immigrants seemed to have abandoned their origins and tradition which was seen as a negative thing. The assimilation was also seen to have helped many of the immigrants settle well in America; feeling as American as the natives. Enculturation is defined as the practice of knowing ones original culture (Korzenny 1998). Enculturation can be either in favor of ones own culture or of the foreign or dominant culture. Most immigrants nowadays try to teach their children their original cultures while still acculturating the American culture. The enculturation has mostly served to help the immigrants generations to understand where they came from and also appreciate other cultures. Enculturation creates open mindedness and broad knowledge. Enculturation has mostly been beneficial in psychological development but to so me extent it has caused psychological instability. Introduction of many cultures from early childhood leaves some of the children feeling confused as they are not able to identify with either of the cultures. Some Americans with foreign cultures have also found it hard to fit in their original cultures with the American culture and this has resulted in them feeling alienated and like outsiders living in America. Some have even gone as far as disassociating themselves completely with their original cultures. The important thing is that there should be a balance between enculturation and acculturation since they both have their advantages and disadvantages. Buy custom Assimilation versus Enculturation essay

Migrat workers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Migrat workers - Research Paper Example Such a person also qualifies to be a migrant worker. Nonetheless, migrant workers have been synonymous with the UN’s definition criterion, which is going to form the definitional basis for this expose. In effect, the expose elucidates about this indispensable issue of migrant workers while focusing on the UN’s definitional criteria. It is important to point out that the issue of migrant workers has been controversial in the contemporary society, which effectively ensured the UN’s intervention on the issue. In line with this, debate surrounding this controversial issue usually takes a sensitive perspective while unreliable and flawed statistics inform decisions and opinion in this issue, which creates a misconception. Unfortunately, it is evident that these misconceptions create strains in some areas where the issue of migrant workers is present. Hence, it has become a common occurrence to hear of natives accuse migrant workers of various issues with the main issu e being that migrant workers benefitted from services that were an entitlement of the locals. However, it is evident that weaknesses in the public administration system are to blame due to the failure to provide factual statistics and provide social amenities to the public in a reasonable manner (Legrain 2). The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association noted that industrialized nations faced a challenge regarding the approach to use while addressing the migrant workers issue. In line with this, the association cited numerous problems associated with these migrating groups and noted that the problems were political and social in nature. Importantly, the association identified the most common group of migrant workers as farm workers and noted that this group underwent a number of challenges while working in America. In this regard, The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association noted the group was lowly paid, uninsured and living under extremely dangerous conditions despite prov iding the country with an essential service. In 2008, the United States estimates of residents were approximately 293 million with 36 million people born from foreign countries out of which 10 million of them were unauthorized residents of the country (Census). On the other hand, Holmes noted the average age of migrant workers who worked in the agriculture sectors as below the age of 29 years. In addition, Holmes noted that only a few migrant workers who were more than 60 years worked in the agricultural sector of the country (448). On the other hand, the National Center for Farmworker Health estimates put 80 percent of women who worked in these farms as more likely to have been born in the U.S. with 34 percent of women having born in the country while their male counterparts working in these farms constituting of only 17 percent. In effect, this is proof that migrant workers played a significant role in the economy of the United States. Migrant workers play a prominent role in supp orting the economy of the United States. The National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council observed that, the U.S. government reaped more than $50 billion as taxes than the migrant workers in all levels of government in the U.S. (qtd. in National Immigration Law Center 2). In line with this, it is evident that the government would not have raised this amount if

Criminology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Criminology - Essay Example Of course, there is a general societal consensus that certain things are wrong and should be discouraged or criminalized, but for proponents of the Nanny State, the government should seize control of actions and issues where there is no consensus and unilaterally impose its view of morality on these issues. Why is this happening more and more these days? Many experts believe that in an increasingly complex world people are more willing to turn over power to the government in order to make their own lives easier. There is a sense the world can be and should be completely ordered and that government is the right body to do this. This is an unfortunate state of affairs as it tips the important balance between liberty and order far to the side of order. There are so many examples of this way of thinking that it is hard to know where to begin. One of the most shocking examples from recent years is the following headline: â€Å"Chicago Prohibits Foie Gras.† In 2006, Chicago city council voted to ban the delicious appetizer foie gras from the city’s restaurants. Proponents of the ban said the production of foie gras was inhumane. Opponents had a different view. "Government shouldnt be dictating what we eat," said the chef at one French restaurant. The Mayor too was unhappy. "We have children getting killed by gang leaders and dope dealers," he said. "We have real issues here in this city. And were dealing with foie gras? Lets get some priorities."1 These opponents are right. In an era where people expect to be coddled and protected from everything that could possibly harm, they are allowing things as personal as menu choice to be dictated by the government. If an individual does not like to eat foie gras no one will forc e them to eat it; but the Chicago city council went a step further by eliminating this choice completely and limiting the rights of those who do like foie gras. The Nanny State continues to expand, rolling